What Is the PMP? Glossary & Key Terms

PMI
Project Management Institute, the nonprofit professional organization that develops and administers the PMP certification and the PMBOK Guide.
PMBOK Guide
A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge, PMI's foundational standard describing generally recognized project management practices, processes, and knowledge areas.
PDU
Professional Development Unit, a credit earned through qualifying education or professional activity that PMP holders must accumulate to renew their certification.
WBS
Work Breakdown Structure, a hierarchical decomposition of total project scope into smaller, manageable work packages.
Critical Path
The longest sequence of dependent tasks in a project schedule that determines the minimum possible project duration.
Critical Path Method (CPM)
A scheduling technique used to estimate project duration by analyzing the sequence of activities with the least scheduling flexibility.
Earned Value Management (EVM)
A methodology that integrates scope, schedule, and cost data to objectively measure project performance and forecast outcomes.
CPI
Cost Performance Index, a ratio of earned value to actual cost used to measure cost efficiency of work performed.
SPI
Schedule Performance Index, a ratio of earned value to planned value used to measure schedule efficiency of work performed.
Predictive Approach
A project management approach, also called waterfall, in which scope, schedule, and cost are planned in detail in advance and executed in largely sequential phases.
Adaptive Approach
An iterative, incremental project management approach, commonly called agile, that accommodates changing requirements through short delivery cycles.
Hybrid Approach
A project management approach that blends predictive and adaptive elements, applying each where it best fits different parts of the project.
Scrum
An agile framework that organizes work into fixed-length iterations called sprints, supported by defined roles, ceremonies, and artifacts.
Sprint
A fixed, time-boxed iteration in Scrum, typically used to produce a usable increment of product.
Product Backlog
A prioritized, evolving list of features, requirements, and work items that represents everything needed for a product in an agile project.
Risk Register
A project document that catalogs identified risks along with their analysis, ownership, and planned response strategies.
Stakeholder
An individual, group, or organization that may affect, be affected by, or perceive itself to be affected by a project's decisions or outcomes.
RACI Matrix
A responsibility assignment tool that designates each project activity's roles as Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, or Informed.
Project Charter
A formal document that authorizes a project's existence and grants the project manager authority to apply organizational resources to it.
Scope Creep
The uncontrolled expansion of project scope without corresponding adjustments to schedule, cost, or resources.
Change Control Board (CCB)
A formally chartered group responsible for reviewing, evaluating, approving, or rejecting proposed changes to a project.
Servant Leadership
A leadership style, emphasized in agile environments, in which the project leader prioritizes removing obstacles and enabling the team's success over directing them.