Real Estate Salesperson Exam Glossary

Agency
A legal relationship in which one party (the agent, such as a real estate salesperson) is authorized to act on behalf of another party (the principal or client) in dealings with third parties.
Fiduciary Duty
The legal obligation an agent owes to a client to act with loyalty, confidentiality, obedience, disclosure, accounting, and reasonable care, always placing the client's interests first.
Escrow
A neutral third party holds funds or documents on behalf of a buyer and seller until all conditions of the transaction are satisfied, then disburses them accordingly.
Earnest Money
A good-faith deposit a buyer submits with an offer to show serious intent to purchase, typically held in escrow and applied toward the purchase price at closing.
Encumbrance
Any claim, lien, charge, or liability attached to a property, such as a mortgage or easement, that may affect its title or transferability.
Easement
A right granted to one party to use another person's land for a specific purpose, such as a utility line or a shared driveway, without owning the land.
Lien
A legal claim placed against a property as security for a debt or obligation, which must typically be satisfied before the property can be sold with clear title.
Fee Simple
The most complete form of property ownership, giving the holder full rights to use, sell, lease, or bequeath the property indefinitely, subject only to law.
Amortization
The process of paying off a loan through regular scheduled payments that gradually reduce the principal balance and interest over the life of the loan.
Comparative Market Analysis (CMA)
An evaluation of similar recently sold properties used to estimate a fair market price for a subject property, helping guide listing or offer decisions.
Contingency
A condition written into a purchase contract that must be met for the transaction to proceed, such as financing approval, a satisfactory inspection, or an appraisal.
Pre-Licensing Education
The mandatory coursework a candidate must complete before being eligible to sit for the Real Estate Salesperson Exam, covering core real estate principles and practices.